[High expression of COX6B2 in gastric cancer is associated with poor long-term prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by inhibiting p53 signaling].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of COX6B2 expression in gastric cancer tissues on the patients' long-term prognosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Based on the public databases and the medical records of patients, we analyzed the expression level of COX6B2 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and its influence on long-term prognosis of the patients. Enrichment analysis were used to predict the possible role of COX6B2 in gastric cancer. The effects of lentivirusmediated COX6B2 knockdown on biological behaviors of gastric cancer cells were examined using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: TCGA database and the results of immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and realtime PCR all demonstrated a significantly higher expression of COX6B2 in gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier plotter database and Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the patients with high COX6B2 expression had significantly shorter postoperative survival (P < 0.05). A high expression of COX6B2 in gastric cancer tissues was closely correlated with clinicopathologic stage, CEA and CA19-9 (P < 0.05). A high expression of COX6B2, CEA level≥5 µg/L and CA19-9 level≥37 kU/L were independent risk factors affecting postoperative 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.05), and COX6B2 expression level had a predictive value for long-term prognosis of the patients (P < 0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that COX6B2 was mainly involved in the regulation of cell cycle. In the in vitro cell experiment, COX6B2 overexpression significantly promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, increased the percentage of G1/S phase cells and inhibited the cellular expressions of p53 and p21 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: s COX6B2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and is closely correlated with a poor long-term prognosis of the patients possibly by promoting gastric cancer cell proliferation and regulating cell cycle.

[Analysis of the serum bile acid profile to facilitate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NA(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide deficiency].

Objective: This study focuses on Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) deficiency to analyze and investigate the value of the serum bile acid profile for facilitating the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods: Clinical data of 66 patients with cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from early April 2015 to the end of December 2021 were collected, including 32 cases of NTCP deficiency (16 adults and 16 children), 16 cases of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), 8 cases of Alagille syndrome, and 10 cases of biliary atresia. At the same time, adult and pediatric healthy control groups (15 cases each) were established. The serum bile acid components of the study subjects were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The data were plotted and compared using statistical SPSS 19.0 and GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. The clinical and bile acid profiles of children with NTCP deficiency and corresponding healthy controls, as well as differences between NTCP deficiency and other CLDs, were compared using statistical methods such as t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Results: Compared with the healthy control, the levels of total conjugated bile acids, total primary bile acids, total secondary bile acids, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid were increased in NTCP deficiency patients (P < 0.05). Compared with adults with NTCP deficiency, the levels of total conjugated bile acids and total primary bile acids were significantly increased in children with NTCP deficiency (P < 0.05). The serum levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholate, taurohyocholate, and tauro-α-muricholic acid were significantly increased in children with NTCP deficiency, but the bile acid levels such as glycodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholate, and lithocholic acid were decreased (P < 0.05). The serum levels of secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid were significantly higher in children with NTCP deficiency than those in other CLD groups such as NICCD, Alagille syndrome, and biliary atresia (P < 0.05). Total primary bile acids/total secondary bile acids, total conjugated bile acids/total unconjugated bile acids, taurocholic acid, serum taurodeoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid effectively distinguished children with NTCP deficiency from other non-NTCP deficiency CLDs. Conclusion: This study confirms that serum bile acid profile analysis has an important reference value for facilitating the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NTCP deficiency. Furthermore, it deepens the scientific understanding of the changing characteristics of serum bile acid profiles in patients with CLDs such as NTCP deficiency, provides a metabolomic basis for in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis, and provides clues and ideas for subsequent in-depth research.

Histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging of deep brain nuclei in Parkinson's disease with different motor subtypes.

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic and differential efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) histogram analysis for different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy PD patients including 40 with postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) and 30 with tremor-dominant (TD) and 36 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled prospectively and underwent MRI examinations. The regions of interest (ROI) in the deep brain nuclei were delineated and features were extracted on the map of mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (Ka), and radial kurtosis (Kr), respectively. The differences in histogram features between PD patients and HC and between patients with PIGD and TD were compared. The areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of all histogram features. The correlations between histogram features and clinical indicators were evaluated. RESULTS: Some DKI histogram features were significantly different between PD patients and HC, and also different between patients with PIGD and TD (all p<0.05). MK of the substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNprkurtosis), Ka of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) 50 percentile (SNpcP50), and Kr of SNpc 90th percentile showed the highest AUC for distinguishing patients with PIGD from HC. MK-SNpc 10th percentile, Ka-SNpc 25th percentile, and Kr of the head of the caudate nucleus (CN) 90th percentile had the highest AUC for distinguishing patients with TD from HC. MK of the putamen 10th percentile combined with Ka of the bilateral red nucleus RNkurtosis yielded the highest diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.762 for distinguishing patients with PIGD from TD. Certain DKI histogram features were correlated with Hoehn-Yahr (H&Y) stage, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, tremor score, and PIGD score (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: DKI histogram analysis was useful to diagnose and discriminate different motor subtypes of PD. Certain DKI histogram features correlated with clinical indicators.

Integrative analyses of radiation-related genes and biomarkers associated with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: In addition to significantly reducing breast cancer recurrence risk, radiotherapy also prolongs patients' lives. However, radiotherapy-related genes and biomarkers still remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to identify radiation-associated genes in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Breast cancer data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and UCSC Xena database. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed for annotation and integrated discovery. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and hub genes were identified. Then, immunohistochemistry and tissue expression of key genes was analyzed by using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and GEPIA database. Genes associated with prognosis were identified by performing univariate cox analysis. RESULTS: We identified 341 differentially expressed genes related to radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. PPI analysis revealed a total of 129 nodes and 516 interactions and identified five hub genes (EGFR, FOS, ESR1, JUN, and IL6). In addition, 11 SDEGs THBS1, SERPINA11, NFIL3, METTL7A, KCTD12, HSPA6, EGR1, DDIT4, CCDC3, C11orf96, and BCL2A1 candidate genes can be used as potential diagnostic markers. The calibration curve and ROC indicate good probability consistencies of 3-years and 5-year survival rates of patients between estimation and observation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel insight into the functional characteristics of breast cancer through integrative analysis of GEO data and suggest potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.

[Research advances in post-tuberculosis lung disease].

The burden of tuberculosis remains high in China. Although successfully cured of tuberculosis, a large proportion of patients still suffer from post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), causing great harm to individuals and societies. PTLD is a group of heterogeneous disorders that affects airways, lung parenchyma, pleura, and/or pulmonary vasculature. The related etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, and are likely the result of the interplay between the host immune responses, pathogens, and environmental factors. Advances in prevention and treatment mainly involve adjuvant therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. Since PTLD patients mostly visit respiratory departments for consultation, it is essential for respiratory physicians to improve the awareness PTLD, and therefore the research progress of PTLD is reviewed.

MR Imaging and Clinical Characteristics of Diffuse Glioneuronal Tumor with Oligodendroglioma-like Features and Nuclear Clusters.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC) is a new, molecularly defined glioneuronal CNS tumor type. The objective of the present study was to describe MR imaging and clinical characteristics of patients with DGONC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MR images of 9 patients with DGONC (median age at diagnosis, 9.9 years; range, 4.2-21.8 years) were reviewed. RESULTS: All tumors were located superficially in the frontal/temporal lobes and sharply delineated, displaying little mass effect. Near the circle of Willis, the tumors encompassed the arteries. All except one demonstrated characteristics of low-to-intermediate aggressiveness with high-to-intermediate T2WI and ADC signals and bone remodeling. Most tumors (n = 7) showed a homogeneous ground-glass aspect on T2-weighted and FLAIR images. On the basis of the original histopathologic diagnosis, 6 patients received postsurgical chemo-/radiotherapy, 2 were irradiated after surgery, and 1 patient underwent tumor resection only. At a median follow-up of 61 months (range, 10-154 months), 6 patients were alive in a first complete remission and 2 with stable disease 10 and 21 months after diagnosis. The only patient with progressive disease was lost to follow-up. Five-year overall and event-free survival was 100% and 86±13%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This case series presents radiomorphologic characteristics highly predictive of DGONC that contrast with the typical aspects of the original histopathologic diagnoses. This presentation underlines the definition of DGONC as a separate entity, from a clinical perspective. Complete resection may be favorable for long-term disease control in patients with DGONC. The efficacy of nonsurgical treatment modalities should be evaluated in larger series.

[Hyperoside protects mouse spermatocytes GC-2 cells from oxidative damage by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of hyperoside (Hyp) against ydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- induced oxidative damage in mouse spermatocytes GC-2 cells and explore the role of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in this protective mechanism. METHODS: GC-2 cells were treated with 2.5 mmol/L azaacetylcysteine (NAC), 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L hyperoside, or the culture medium for 48 h before exposure to H2O2 (150 µmol/L) for 2 h. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the changes in cell viability, and cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the culture medium. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was detected using immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Exposure to H2O2 significantly lowered the proliferation rate, reduced the activities of SOD, GSH and CAT, and obviously increased MDA content, cell apoptosis rate, and the expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA and Keap1 protein in GC-2 cells (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Treatment of the cells prior to H2O2 exposure with either NAC or 200 µmol/L hyperoside significantly increased the cell proliferation rate, enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and lowered MDA content and cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). Treatment with 200 µmol/L hyperoside significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of Keap1 and increased the expressions of HO-1 mRNA and the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Hyperoside also caused obvious nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperoside protects GC-2 cells against H2O2- induced oxidative damage possibly by activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

[METTL27 is a prognostic biomarker of colon cancer and associated with immune invasion].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and gene function of methyltransferase-like protein 27 (METTL27) in colon cancer, its association with immune infiltration and its prognostic significance. METHODS: We analyzed the expression levels of METTL27 in 33 cancers using R language and identified METTL27 as a differential gene in colon cancer. The related signaling pathways of METTL27 were analyzed by gene functional annotation and enrichment. SsGSEA algorithm was used to analyze immune infiltration, and logistic analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between METTL27 expression and clinicopathological features of the patients. Kaplan-meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to construct a nomogram for evaluating the correlation between METTL27 expression and clinical prognosis. The expression level of METTL27 was further verified in colorectal cancer cell lines and 16 clinical specimens of colorectal cancer tissues using qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: METTL27 was highly expressed in 21 cancers, and its expression was significantly higher in colon cancer than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.001). METTL27-related genes were identified by differential analysis, and functional annotation revealed that METTL27 was significantly enriched in transmembrane transport and lipid metabolism, and 5 related signaling pathways were identified by GSEA. METTL27 expression was negatively correlated with different T helper cells and central memory T cells (P < 0.001). The patients with a high METTL27 mRNA expression had a poor survival outcome. Cox regression analysis showed that METTL27 expression was an independent prognostic factor of the overall survival. The expression level of METTL27 was significantly higher in the colorectal cancer cell line than in normal cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: METTL27 is overexpressed in colon cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis of the patients. A high expression of METTL27 showed is associated less T cell immune infiltration, suggesting the potential of METTL27 as a prognostic marker of colon cancer.

[Therapeutic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins combined with cyclophosphamide in mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cell xenograft].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of total saponins from Panax notognseng (PNS) combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cell xenograft. METHODS: We examined the effects of treatment with different concentrations of PNS on H22 cell proliferation for 24 to 72 h in vitro using CCK8 colorimetric assay. Annexin V/PI double fluorescence staining was used to detect the effect of PNS on apoptosis of H22 cells. Mouse models bearing H22 cell xenograft were established and treated with CTX (25 mg/kg), PNS (120, 240 or 480 mg/kg), alone or in combinations. After treatments for consecutive 10 days, the mice were euthanized for examinations of carbon clearance ability of the monocytes and macrophages, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), serum hemolysin antibody level, blood indicators, and the tumor inhibition rate. RESULTS: Treatment with PNS concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and significantly promoted apoptosis of cultured H22 cells (P < 0.01). In the tumor-bearing mouse models, PNS alone and its combination with CTX both resulted in obvious enhancement of phagocytosis of the monocyte-macrophages, stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, promoted the release of TNF-α and IL-2 and the production of serum hemolysin antibody, and increased the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Treatment with 480 mg/kg PNS combined with CTX resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 83.28% (P < 0.01) and a life prolonging rate of 131.25% in the mouse models (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PNS alone or in combination with CTX can improve the immunity and tumor inhibition rate and prolong the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice.

[The preventive effect of four drugs on acute mountain sickness: a Bayesian network meta-analysis].

Objective: To compare and predict the preventive effects of acetazolamide and other drugs on acute mountain sickness(AMS). Methods: Following the retrieval strategy of PRISMA statement of systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, etc. from January 1, 1980 to November 30, 2020, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) consistent with drug prevention of AMS were conducted. Using R and other statistical software, Markov chain-Monte Carlo method was carried out for network meta-analysis under Bayesian framework, and node separation method was performed to check the consistency of closed-loop research. Results: Twenty-three literatures (25 studies) were included to compare the preventive effects of 4 drugs on AMS. Bayesian network meta-analysis showed that the incidence of AMS in acetazolamide group (ACE), dexamethasone group (DEX), ginkgo biloba extract group (GBE) and rhodiola group (RHO) was lower than that in placebo group (PLA). In the comparison of drug groups, the incidence of AMS in ACE, DEX and RHO was lower than that in GBE. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AMS among ACE, DEX and RHO groups. Eight of these studies reported the effects of two drugs on pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) in people entering the target altitude. Bayesian network meta-analysis showed that SpO2 in RHO was higher than that in ACE and PLA, but there was no statistically significant difference in SpO2 between ACE and PLA. The probability ranking of prevention AMS effect grade showed that the rank 5th probability of AMS in ACE, DEX, GBE, RHO and PLA was 45.72%, 48.80%, 0, 5.48% and 0, respectively. The probability ranking of improving the SpO2 level of the target altitude population showed that the probability of the ACE, RHO and PLA ranking 1st in improving the SpO2 effect at the target altitude was 2.27%, 97.66% and 0.07%, respectively; the results of direct comparison were in good agreement with those of Bayesian prediction model indirectly, and there was no statistical difference. Conclusions: Acetazolamide and dexamethasone can effectively prevent AMS, and should be the first choice for related supplementary research in the future. Rhodiola not only improves the SpO2 of people entering high altitude, but also reduces the incidence of AMS, which needs more attention. Ginkgo biloba extract is not as effective as the above three drugs in preventing AMS and should be used depending on clinical situations.

[Interpretations of guideline for the management of diabetes mellitus in the elderly in China (2021 edition)].

Elderly diabetic patients in China accounts for one fourth of the total number of elderly diabetic patients in the world, ranking the first worldwide. In 2021, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Society of Geriatrics and Diabetes Professional Committee of Chinese Aging Well Association issued China's first guideline on elderly diabetic patients--Guideline for the management of diabetes mellitus in the elderly in China (2021 edition). The present article interprets parts of the important recommendations of the guideline, aiming to facilitate its implementation in clinical practice effectively and improve the clinical prognosis of elderly diabetic patients in our country.

Hsa-miR-34a-5p reverses multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells by targeting the 3'-UTR of SIRT1 and inhibiting its expression.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to chemotherapy, which leads to ineffective chemotherapy, an important treatment strategy for gastric cancer (GC). The abnormality of microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical to the occurrence and progression of MDR in various tumors. In this study, hsa-miR-34a-5p was found to be decreased in multidrug resistant GC cells SGC-7901/5-Fluorouracil (SGC-7901/5-Fu) compared to the parental SGC-7901 cells. Overexpression of hsa-miR-34a-5p in SGC-7901/5-Fu cells promoted apoptosis and decreased migration and invasiveness after chemotherapy. In addition, overexpression of hsa-miR-34a-5p suppressed the growth of drug-resistant tumor in vivo. The mechanism of the effects of hsa-miR-34a-5p could include the regulation of the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) through direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of SIRT1. Functional gain-and-loss experiments indicated that hsa-miR-34a-5p enhances the chemotherapy sensitivity of MDR GC cells by inhibiting SIRT1, P-gp and MRP1. In conclusion, hsa-miR-34a-5p can reverse the MDR of GC cells by inhibiting the expression of SIRT1, P-gp or MRP1.

Prediction of potential therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2 by using Connectivity Map based on transcriptome data.

OBJECTIVE: Transcriptome data related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (a novel coronavirus discovered in 2019, SARS-CoV-2) in GEO database were downloaded. Based on the data, influence of SARS-CoV-2 on human cells was analyzed and potential therapeutic compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 were screened. MATERIALS AND METHODS: R package "DESeq2" was used for differential gene analysis on the data of cells infected or non-infected with SARS-CoV-2. The "ClusterProfiler" package was used for GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed through STRING website, and the key subset in the PPI network was identified after visualization by Cytoscape software. Connectivity Map (CMap) database was used to screen known compounds that caused genomic change reverse to that caused by SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: By intersecting DEGs in two datasets, a total of 145 DEGs were screened out, among which 136 genes were upregulated and 9 genes were downregulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were mainly associated with the pathways involved in viral infection, inflammatory response, and immunity. The CMap research found that there were three compounds with a median_tau_score less than -90, namely triptolide, tivozanib and daunorubicin. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 can cause abnormal changes in a large number of molecules and related signaling pathways in human cells, among which IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways may play a key role in pathogenic process of SARS-CoV-2. Here, three compounds that may be effective for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 were screened, which would provide new options for improving treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

An incremental feeding pattern for Guangdong Small-ear Spotted gilts during gestation: effects on stillbirth rate and muscle weight of progeny.

While an appropriate feed intake is crucial for the reproductive performance of sows, there is a lack of recommendations currently for feed allowance of Guangdong Small-ear Spotted gilts during gestation. The effects of 2 different feeding patterns during gestation on the reproductive performance of Guangdong Small-ear Spotted gilts were investigated by assigning 80 gilts to 2 feeding pattern groups with a randomized complete block design in accordance with initial body weight and back fat thickness, followed by treatment with an incremental feeding pattern (IFP) and a concaved feeding pattern, respectively, with no difference in total feed intake. The IFP group showed a significant decrease in the stillbirth rate (P < 0.05) and an upward trend in piglet mean birth weight (P = 0.06). Furthermore, the IFP group exhibited an increase in the weights of stomach, supraspinatus tendon, triceps, and psoas minor in neonatal piglets (P < 0.05). Overall, the results of the present investigation showed that IFP could significantly reduce the stillbirth rate of Guangdong Small-ear Spotted gilts and increase the muscle weight of progeny.

Genome-wide association study reveals novel loci associated with fat-deposition and meat-quality traits in Pekin ducks.

Meat-quality traits play an essential role in meat poultry production. To determine the genetic mechanisms of meat quality in Pekin ducks, we performed a large-scale GWAS to identify quantitative trait loci affecting meat quality in Pekin ducks. We measured 10 traits in 542 Pekin ducks and genotyped each duck using genotyping-by-sequencing. The genetic parameters (genomic heritability, genetic correlation) for 10 meat-quality related traits were evaluated. Based on the large genotype-phenotype dataset, we performed GWASs for all of these traits. A total of 33 significant QTL (P < 3.03 × 10-5 ) across 13 chromosomes were identified by loci-based analysis. Some newly identified candidate genes were discovered for fat-deposition and meat-quality traits, including PAG1 for body weight and eviscerated weight, INTU and NUP35 for abdominal fat weight and ratio, NUP3 and ARHGDIB for skin fat weight and ratio, GOLGA5 for breast muscle toughness and breast tenderness, and CTDSPL and PKP1 for breast muscle thickness. The current study is the first systematic report regarding duck meat quality.